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1.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(5): 545-551, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040354

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To verify the effect of psychological preparation on the relief of preoperative anxiety in children and to correlate parents' and children's levels of anxiety. Method: After the approval of the institutional Research Ethics Committee and written consent of the children's parents or guardians, 118 children of both genders were prospectively selected, aged between 2 and 8 years, physical condition classification ASA I, who were treated in the pre-anesthetic evaluation ambulatory of the University Hospital and who underwent ambulatory surgeries at the same hospital. Two controlled groups of 59 children were randomized: control group basic preparation and psychological preparation group. On the day of surgery, all selected children were evaluated regarding their level of anxiety using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale and their parents were evaluated regarding their level of anxiety through the Visual Analog Scale. The evaluator was blinded to which study group the child and family member belonged to. Results: Nine children and their family members were excluded per group when the results were analyzed. Children from the prepared group showed significant reductions in their level of anxiety in relation to the control group (p = 0.04). There was no correlation between the level of anxiety of children and their parents' levels (p = 0.78). Conclusion: The psychological preparation was effective in reducing the level of anxiety of children. However, there was no relation between the level of anxiety of children and their parents' level.


Resumo: Objetivos: Verificar o efeito da preparação psicológica no alívio da ansiedade pré-operatória de crianças e avaliar se há correlação com a ansiedade dos pais. Método: Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina e obtenção do consentimento pelos responsáveis dos pacientes, foram selecionadas prospectivamente 118 crianças, de ambos os sexos, entre dois e oito anos, classificação de estado físico ASA I, atendidas no ambulatório de avaliação pré-anestésica do Hospital Universitário e submetidas a cirurgias ambulatoriais. Foram randomizados dois grupos controlados de 59 crianças: grupo de preparação básica e grupo de preparação psicológica. No dia da cirurgia, todas as crianças foram avaliadas em relação ao seu grau de ansiedade através da Escala de Ansiedade Pré-operatória de Yale Modificada e seus pais, avaliados quanto ao seu nível de ansiedade pela Escala Visual Analógica. O avaliador era cego sobre qual grupo do estudo a criança e seu familiar pertenciam. Resultados: Na análise dos resultados, foram excluídas nove crianças e familiares de cada grupo. As crianças do grupo preparado tiveram reduções significativas no grau de ansiedade em relação ao grupo controle, (p = 0,04). Não houve correlação entre os graus de ansiedade das crianças e seus pais (p = 0,78). Conclusão: A preparação psicológica foi eficaz na redução do grau de ansiedade das crianças no momento da cirurgia. Não houve, entretanto, relação entre os graus de ansiedade dos pais e seus filhos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Anxiety/psychology , Preoperative Care/psychology , Anxiety/prevention & control , Parents/psychology , Preoperative Care/methods , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Preoperative Period , Visual Analog Scale
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 50(3): 197-201, maio-jun. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-278442

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos: o suvoflurano é agente inalatório que apresenta baixa solubilidade sanguínea/gás, o que permite rápida induçäo e emergência da anestesia. Sua propriedade de manter a estabilidade cardiovascular o torna ideal para seu uso em anestesia pediátrica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a estabilidade hemodinâmica, o consumo de anestésico inalatório e o tempo de despertar em crianças sem medicaçäo pré-anestésica (MPA) e com MPA (midazolam ou clonidina), anestesiadas com sevoflurano, cujas doses foram tituladas de acordo com monitorizaçäo pelo BIS. Método: foram estudados 30 pacientes com idade entre 2 e 12 anos, estado físico ASA I, submetidos a cirurgias eletivas, divididos em 3 grupos: G1 - sem MPA, G2 - midazolam (0,5mg.kg(elevado a menos 1) e G3 - clonidina (4µg.kg(elevado a menos 1) ambos por via oral 60 minutos antes de serem encaminhados ao centro cirúrgico. Todos os pacientes receberam alfentanil (30µg.kg(elevado a menos 1), propofol (3mg.kg(elevado a menos 1), atracúrio (0,5mg.kg(elevado a menos 1) e sevoflurano em concentraçöes variáveis, monitorizadas pelo BIS (valores próximos a 60) e N2O em sistema sem reinalaçäo. Foram avaliadas as PAS, PAD FC, a concentraçäo expirada (CE) o consumo de sevoflurano (ml.min.(elevado a menos 1), o tempo de despertar - tempo decorrido entre o término da anestesia e a movimentaçäo espontânea do paciente procurando se exturbar, esboçando choro, abrindo olhos e boca. Resultados: os três grupos tiveram o mesmo comportamento com relaçäo à PAS, PAD, CE, ao consumo de sevoflurano e tempo de despertar. A FC foi menor no grupo G3. Conclusöes: o sevoflurano determinou estabilidade hemodinâmica. A MPA com clonidina ou midazolam näo influenciou o tempo de despertar, consumo e a manutençäo da anestesia com sevoflurano. A duraçäo da anestesia também näo influenciou o tempo de despertar. A monitorizaçäo da hipnose foi importante na adequaçäo dos níveis anestésicos, o que pode ter sido fator determinante na homogeneidade do tempo de despertar dos pacientes nos três grupos estudados


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Clonidine/adverse effects , Consciousness/drug effects , Hemodynamics , Isoflurane/adverse effects , Isoflurane/analogs & derivatives , Midazolam/adverse effects , Premedication , Arterial Pressure , Evaluation Study , Pediatrics
4.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 46(2): 122-9, mar.-abr. 1996. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-166929

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives - The use of magnesium sulphate for the prevention of seizures in pre-eclampsia may induce hypermagnesemia. Clinical and experimental studies are not in agreement about the effects of magnesium on the renal hemodynamics and function. We therefore studied the effects of hypermagnesemia on the renal hemodynamics and function of dogs anesthetized with pentobarbitone. Methods - Sisteen mongrel dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbitone 30mg.Kg-1 and submited to extracellular volume expansion with Ringer's solution (0.4 ml.Kg-1.min-1) and mechanical ventilation with room air. The dogs were allocated into two groups of 8 animals, for the study of renal hemodynamics and following the administration of 5mg.Kg-1 of pentobarbitone (Group 1 - control) or pentobarbitone associated with magnesium selphate in the dose of 140mg.Kg-1, administered in 15 minutes, followed by 80mg.Kg-1.h-1 (Group 2). The parameters studied were: PAH clearance, creatinine clearance, osmolar clearance, free water clearance, renal blood flow, renal vascular resistance, filtration fraction, urinary volume, plasmatic and urinary osmolarity, urinary and fractionary excretion of sodium and potassium, measured at five moments: 15 (M1), 30 (M2), 60 (M3) and 75 (M4) minutes after the first supplementary dose of pentobarbitone and 15 minutes (M5) after second supplementary dose in Group 1. In Group 2, the moments M3, M4, M5 were 15. 30, and 60 minutes after the priming dose of magnesium sulphate and during the maintenance dose. Results - In Group 1 no significant changes were observed in renal hemodynamic parameters and creatinine clearance. The extracellular volume expansion increased urinary volume and decreased urinary osmolarity as a consequence of sodium, potassium and free water clearance. The fractionary excretion of sodium was maintained. The plasmatic osmolarity increased. In Group 2, renal hemodynamic parameters and creatinine clearance were also maintained. There was an increased in renal sodium clearance, as detected by the increased in the fractionary excretion of sodium. Conslusions - Magnesium sulphate did not produce significant changes in renal hemodynamics and facilitated the renal excretion of sodium in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbitone


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Hemodynamics , Magnesium Sulfate , Pentobarbital , Urogenital System
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 46(1): 19-25, jan.-fev. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-166788

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives - A controversy exists in the literature regarding the effects of the acute administration of magnesium on the cardiovascular system of animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hypermagnesemia on the cardiovascular hemodynamics of dogs. Methods - Sixteen mongrel dogs were anesthtized with pentobarbitone 30mg.kg-1 and submitted to volume expansion with Ringer's solution (0.4ml.kg-1.min-1) and mechanical ventilation with room air. In this model, the hemodynamic repercussions of the following drugs and doses were studied: pentobarbitone 5mg,kg-1 - Group 1, control - and the association of pentobarbitone and magnesium sulphate (MS), at the dose of 140 mg.kg-1, injected in 15 minutes, followed by an infusion of 80 mg.kg-1.h-1 - Group 2. The parameters studied were: heart rate, blood pressure, inferior vena cava pressure, cardiac index, systolic index and peripheral resistance index, evaluated at 5 different moments: 15(M1), 30(M2), 60(M3) and 75(M4) minutes after the first supplementary dose of pentobarbitone and 15 minutes (M5) after the second supplementary dose. In group 2, the moments M3, M4, M5 corresponded to 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the priming dose of magnesium sulphate. Results - Group 1 animals exhibited tachycardia since the beginning of the experiment. There was a decrease in the cardiac index, in the systolic index and an increase in the inferior vena cava pressure. group 2 animals also exhibited tachycardia, but heart rate decreased after MS infusion. The blood pressure and the peripheralresitance index decreased. The systolic index increased and the cardiac index decresead only at he end of the experiment. Conclusions - The antiadrenergic effects of Ms could have been responsible for the decrease in heart rate. The vasodilating effects of the magnesium induced the decrease in the peripheral resistance index. The vasodilating effects of the magnesium induced the decrease in the peripheral resistance index. The systolic index increased, showing that myocardial depression did not occur.


Subject(s)
Dogs , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Hemodynamics , Magnesium Sulfate , Pentobarbital , Cardiovascular System/surgery
6.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 45(5): 295-9, set.-out. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-197280

ABSTRACT

Justificativas e objetivos - Dentre as diferentes vias utilizadas para administracao da medicacao pre-anestesica (MPA), a via intranasal oferece a vantagem da rapida absorcao sistemica, alem de evitar as dolorosas injecoes intramuscular e nevosa. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficacia do sufentanil como MPA na reducao da ansiedade dos pacientes pediatricos, assim como no comportamento dos memos durante a inducao anestesica. Metodo - Participaram do estudo trinta pacientes com idade de 1 a 9 anos, ASA 1, submetidos a cirurgias eletivas, que receberam sufentanil (2 mug.kg(-1) por via intransal como MPA. Utilizando-se o grau de ansiedade em 3 momentos: T0 - chegada da crianca com os pais; T5 e T10, respectivamente, cinco e dez minutos apos a administracao da droga. Avaliou-se tambem o comportamento durante a inducao. Todas as inducoes anestesicas foram venosas, utilizando-se tiopental ou cetamina. Resultados - O grau de ansiedade nao diminuiu dez minutos apos a administracao do sufentanil e nao se observou melhora na qualidade da inducao anestesica. Conclusoes - O sufentanil intranasal, nas doses empregadas neste estudo, nao mostrou ser eficiente na reducao da ansiedade nem melhorou a qualidade da inducao anestesica, quando o tempo entre a administracao da droga e a separacao dos pais foi de apenas dez minutos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology , Preanesthetic Medication , Sufentanil/pharmacology , Administration, Intranasal , Anxiety , Time Factors
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